Year 11 and 12 2026 Curriculum Handbook

WHAT WILL I LEARN

VCE - Legal Studies

P A G E 5 2 | P A K E N H A M S E C O N D A R Y C O L L E G E S E N I O R S C H O O L 2 0 2 6 H A N D B O O K

UNIT 1: GUILT AND LIABILITY

Outcome 1: Legal Foundations

Outcome 2: The Presumption of

innocence

Outcome 3: Civil liabilities

Students learn about the 2 key

branches of our justice system:

Criminal law and civil law. Amongst

this, the study will explore certain

ideas such as:

How an effective law must reflect

society’s values.

The age of criminal

responsibility.

Types of crime: against people

vs. property.

Two types of criminal offences

and possible defences for these

crimes.

Two types of civil torts and their

elements to determine liability.

UNIT 2: SANCTIONS, REMEDIES & RIGHTS

Outcome 1: Sanctions

Outcome 2: Remedies

Outcome 3: Rights

Both Criminal and Civil law exist to

protect members of a society by

empowering them, and the state to

deliver penalties and seek retribution.

Students will be exposed to:

Institutions which impose

penalties and sanctions.

The role of a jury during criminal

trials.

The types of sanctions: fines,

CCOs and imprisonment.

The protection of human rights in

Australia.

The Australian Constitution and

the Human Rights Charter.

WHAT’S IT ALL ABOUT?

By undertaking Legal Studies, in Units 1 and

2, students are exposed to the processes of

law-making as a response to the

transformation of societal values in the

Australian community to make it more

culturally inclusive. They develop an

awareness of the impact that the Criminal

Justice System has upon citizens’ lives, and

therefore their own futures. The study will

create a lens for them to explore how law

enforcement impacts behaviour in the

community through criminal law, all the way to

their own personal exposure to contractual

obligations in the occupational world.

Students will be encouraged to analyse the

function of law-enforcing institutions and

understand the balance with individual rights

and powers, allowing them to learn of their

own personal legal obligations and

responsibilities.

In Units 3 and 4, Legal Studies teaches

students to apply knowledge of legal concepts

and principles to a range of actual and

hypothetical scenarios, students develop their

ability to use legal reasoning to argue a case

for or against a party in a civil or criminal

matter.

They consider recent and recommended

reforms to the criminal and civil justice

systems, and engage in an analysis of the

extent to which our legal institutions are

effective and our justice system achieves the

principles of justice.

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